High Performance Computing and Communication Act of 1991 Totally Explained

Everything about The High Performance Computing And Communication Act Of 1991 totally explained

The High Performance Computing and Communication Act of 1991 (HPCA) was a bill created and introduced by then Senator Al Gore (it was thus referred to as the Gore Bill ). It was passed on December 9, 1991. This bill led to the development of the National Research and Education Network (NREN) (which was referred to with the rhetoric of the Information Superhighway). It also led to the development of the National Information Infrastructure (also discussed through the rhetoric of the Information Superhighway ) the High-Performance Computing and Communications Initiative (an off-shoot of the HPCA), the web browser Mosaic, and the creation of a high-speed fiber optic network that, when utilized, would help stimulate the economy.

Overview

Al Gore developed the High Performance Computing and Communication Act of 1991 (commonly referred to as "The Gore Bill" ) after hearing the 1988 report Toward a National Research Network submitted to Congress by a group chaired by UCLA professor of computer science, Leonard Kleinrock, one of the central creators of the ARPANET (the ARPANET, first deployed by Kleinrock and others in 1969, is the predecessor of the Internet).
The bill was passed on Dec. 9, 1991 and led to the National Information Infrastructure (NII) which Gore referred to as the "information superhighway". President George H. W. Bush predicted that the bill would help "unlock the secrets of DNA," open up foreign markets to free trade, and a promise of cooperation between government, academia, and industry.
An important result of the Gore Bill was the development of Mosaic in 1993,, the World Wide Web browser which is credited by most scholars as beginning the Internet boom of the 1990s:
ť Gore's legislation also helped fund the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois, where a team of programmers, including Netscape founder Marc Andreessen, created the Mosaic Web browser, the commercial Internet's technological springboard. 'If it had been left to private industry, it wouldn't have happened,' Andreessen says of Gore's bill, 'at least, not until years later.'

Controversy

ť See main: Internet misquotation (1999 CNN interview)

Gore gave an interview for CNN's Late Edition with Wolf Blitzer on 9 March 1999 in which he stated,
This statement was often misquoted by media outlets and led to the creation of a widely spread urban legend that Gore claimed to have "invented the Internet." The urban legend became "an automatic laugh. Jay Leno, David Letterman, or any other comedic talent can crack a joke about Al Gore 'inventing the Internet,' and the audience is likely to respond with howls of laughter."
In response to the controversy, Internet pioneers Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn argued in a 2000 email that, "We don't think, as some people have argued, that Gore intended to claim he "invented" the Internet. Moreover, there's no question in our minds that while serving as Senator, Gore's initiatives had a significant and beneficial effect on the still-evolving Internet." Gore would later poke fun at the controversy on the The Late Show with David Letterman when he read Letterman's Top 10 List, which for this show was called, "Top Ten Rejected Gore - Lieberman Campaign Slogans." Number nine on the list was: "Remember, America, I gave you the Internet, and I can take it away!"

Bibliography

Gore, Al. "Infrastructure for the global village: computers, networks and public policy." Scientific American Special Issue on Communications, Computers, and Networks, September 1991. 265(3): 150–153.
---."Information Superhighways: The Next Information Revolution." The Futurist, January-February 1991, Vol. 25: 21-23.
--- and et.al.High Performance Computing and Communication Act of 1991, (S.272)
---."The Digitization of Schools," BusinessWeek, 10 December 1990.
---."Networking the Future: We Need a National Superhighway for Computer Information", The Washington Post, 15 July 1990:B3.
---."Congressional Record: Presentation on the National High Performance Computer Technology Act" and "Opening Remarks before the Senate Subcommittee on Science, Technology, and Space by Senator Al Gore" in "National high performance computer technology act: SIGGRAPH and nationl high-tech public policy issues" by Donna J. Cox, Computer Graphics, Volume 23, Issue 4, August 1989: 276-280.

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